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	This is the old 2.4x manual!
	For the current 2.7x manual see http://www.blender.org/manual/

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You can get this book in other formats, too (updated 20100622, archive.org hosting) - read online: PDF, download: PDF, Epub, Kindle/mobi, Daisy, DjVu, torrents may be available for all downloadable formats

User Manual

Introduction

What is Blender?: Introduction; Blender’s History; License; Blender’s Community; About this Manual; What's changed with Blender 2.4

Installing Blender: Introduction; Python; Installing on Windows; Installing on GNU/Linux; Installing on Mac; Installing on other Operating Systems; Configuring Blender; Directory Layout

Starting

The Interface

Keyboard and Mouse

Arranging frames

Screens (Workspace Layouts)

Buttons and Controls

Internationalization

Your First Animation: 1/2: A static Gingerbread Man; 2/2: Animating the Gingerbread Man

The Vital Functions: Quick render; Undo and Redo; Default scene; Screenshots; Help!

Setting Preferences: Configuring Preferences; Interface; Editing; Themes; File; System

Interaction in 3D

Data System and Files

Blender's Data System: Blender's Library and Data System; Blender's Datablocks; Scenes; Working with Scenes; The Outliner Window; Appending and Linking

File operations: Introduction; Opening blender files; Saving blender files

Modeling

Introduction: Introduction

Objects: Objects; Selecting Objects; Editing Objects; Groups and Parenting; Tracking; Duplication; - DupliVerts; - DupliFaces; - DupliGroup; - DupliFrames

Mesh Objects: Meshes; - Mesh Structures; - Mesh Primitives; Selecting; - Selectable Elements; - Selection Basics; - Advanced Selecting; - Selecting Edges; - Selecting Faces; Editing; Basic Editing; - Translation, Rotation, Scale; - Adding Elements; - Deleting Elements; - Creating Faces and Edges; - Mirror editing; Vertex Editing; Edge Editing; Face Editing; Deforming Tools; - Mirror; - Shrink/Fatten Along Normals; - Smooth; - Noise; Duplicating Tools; - Duplicate; - Extrude; - Extrude Dup; - Spin; - Spin Dup; - Screw; Subdividing Tools; - Subdivide; - Subdivide fractal; - Subdivide smooth; - Loop Subdivide; - Knife Subdivide; - Bevel; Miscellaneous Tools; Retopo Tool; Sculpt Mode; Multi Resolution Mesh; Vertex Groups; Weight Paint; Mesh Smoothing

Curve Objects: Curves; Selecting; Editing; Advanced Editing

Surface Objects: Surfaces; Selecting; Editing

Text Objects: Texts; Editing

Meta Objects: Metas; Editing

Empty Objects: Empties

Group Objects: Groups

Scripts: Modeling Scripts

Modifiers and Deformation

Introduction: Introduction; Modifiers Stack

Modify: UVProject

Generate: Array; Bevel; Booleans; Build; Decimate; EdgeSplit; Mask; Mirror; Subsurf

Deform: Armature; Cast; Curve; Displace; Hooks; Lattice; MeshDeform; Shrinkwrap; SimpleDeform; Smooth; Wave

Simulate: Cloth; Collision; Explode; Fluid; Particle Instance; Particle System; Soft Body

Lighting

Introduction: Introduction

Lights: Introduction; Light Properties; Light Attenuation; Light Textures; What Light Affects; Lights In Other Contexts

Shadows: Introduction; Shadow Properties; Raytraced Shadow Properties

Volumetric Lights: Introduction

Lamps: Introduction; Lamp Light; - Raytraced Shadows; Spot Light; - Raytraced Shadows; - Buffered Shadows; - Halos; Area Light; - Raytraced Shadows; Hemi Light; Sun Light; - Raytraced Shadows; - Sky & Atmosphere; Lighting Rigs

Radiosity: Introduction; Rendering; Baking

Scene Light: Ambient Light; Ambient Occlusion

Exposure: Exposure

Materials

Textures

Introduction: Introduction; UV/Image Editor; Common Options; Texture Stack

Texture Types: Texture Types; Procedural Textures; Image Textures; Video Textures; Texture Nodes; - Nodes Editor; - Node Controls; - Nodes usage; - Nodes Groups; -- Textures Input Nodes; -- Textures Output Nodes; -- Textures Color Nodes; -- Textures Patterns Nodes; -- Textures Textures Nodes; -- Textures Convertor Nodes; -- Textures Distort Nodes; Texture Plugins

Texture Painting: Painting the Texture; - Projection Paint

Mapping: Mapping; Environment Maps; UV Unwrapping Explained; - Unwrapping a Mesh; - Managing the UV Layout; - Editing the UV Layout; - Applying an Image

Influence: Influence; - Material; -- Bump and Normal; -- Displacement; - Particles; - World

World and Ambient Effects

World: Introduction; World Background

Ambient Effects: Mist; Stars

Rigging

Constraints

Introduction: Introduction; Constraints Common Interface; Constraints’ Stack

Transform Constraints: Copy Location; Copy Rotation; Copy Scale; Limit Distance; Limit Location; Limit Rotation; Limit Scale; Transformation

Tracking Constraints: Clamp To; IK Solver; Locked Track; Stretch To; Track To

Relationship Constraints: Action; Child Of; Floor; Follow Path; Null; Rigid Body Joint; Script; Shrinkwrap

Animation

Physical Simulation

Introduction: Introduction

Dynamics: Force Fields; Collisions

Particles: Particles; Types; Physics; - Newtonian; - Keyed; - Boids; Visualization; Controlling Emission, Interaction and Time; Cache & Bake; Hair; Children; Vertex Groups; Particle Mode

Soft Body: Introduction; Exterior Forces; Interior Forces; Collisions; Simple Examples; Combination with Armatures; Combination with Hair Particles; Reference

Cloth: Introduction

Fluids: Fluid

Using the Game Engine: Using the Game Engine

Rendering

Introduction: Introduction

Camera: The Camera; Perspective (Vanishing points); Depth Of Field

Render: Displaying Renders; Basic Options; Antialiasing (Oversampling); Rendering Animations; Panoramic; Render Baking; Using the Command Line

Output: Output; Video Output

Effects and Post Processing: Introduction; Render Layers; Render Passes; Edges & Toon; Stamp; Color Management & Exposure; Depth Of Field; Motion Blur

Render Performance: Rendering Performance; Distributed Rendering

External Render Engines: Introduction; YafRay

Compositing with nodes

Composite Nodes: Introduction; Nodes Editor; Node Controls; Nodes usage; Nodes Groups

Composite Node types: Composite Node types; Input Nodes; Output Nodes; Color Nodes; Vector Nodes; Filter Nodes; Convertor Nodes; Matte Nodes; Distortion Nodes

Editing Sequences

Introduction: Introduction

The sequencer: Usage; Sequencer Modes; Sequence Screen Layout

Effects: Built-in Effects; Plugin Effects

Audio: Audio Sequences

Extending Blender

Introduction: Introduction

Python Scripting: Python Scripting in Blender; Setting up Python; The Text Editor; A working example; References

Python Scripts: Script Catalog; Bundled Scripts

Plugins: Blender's Plugins System; Texture plugins specifications; Sequence plugins specifications

Game Engine

Introduction: Introduction

The Logic Editor: Usage; Game Properties

Sensors: Introduction; Sensor Types

Controllers: Introduction; Expressions

Actuators: Introduction; Action; Camera; CD; Constraint; Edit Object; Ipo; 2D Filters; Game; Message; Motion; Parent; Property; Random; Scene; Shape Action; Sound; State; Visibility

Cameras: Cameras; Dome Camera

Physics: Physics Engine; Material Physics; Object Types; - Static; - No Collision; - Dynamic; - Rigid Body; - Soft Body; - Occluder; - Sensor

Python API: Bullet physics; VideoTexture

Various resources: List of Features; External resources; Game Engine Basics (BSoD Tutorial); FAQ

Retrieved from "https://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Doc:2.4/Manual"

Doc:2.4/Manual

Introduction

What is Blender?

Blender’s History

Blender’s Community

About this Manual

What's changed with Blender 2.4

Installing Blender

Installing on Windows

Installing on GNU/Linux

Installing on Mac

Installing on other Operating Systems

Configuring Blender

Directory Layout

Starting

The Interface

Keyboard and Mouse

Arranging frames

Screens (Workspace Layouts)

Buttons and Controls

Internationalization

Your First Animation

1/2: A static Gingerbread Man

2/2: Animating the Gingerbread Man

The Vital Functions

Setting Preferences

Configuring Preferences

Interaction in 3D

Introduction

Navigation

3D View Options

Local or Global View

Sketch in 3D Space

Introduction to Grease Pencil

Drawing sketches

Layers and Animation

Converting sketches to geometry

Transformations

Transform Control

Precision of Transformations

Numeric Transformations

Transform Properties

Reset Object Transforms

Transform Orientations

- Active object

- Individual Centers

- Bounding Box Center

Proportional Edit

Data System and Files

Blender's Data System

Blender's Library and Data System

Blender's Datablocks

Working with Scenes

The Outliner Window

Appending and Linking

File operations

Opening blender files

Saving blender files

Modeling

Introduction

Objects

Selecting Objects

Editing Objects

Groups and Parenting

Mesh Objects

- Mesh Structures

- Mesh Primitives

- Selectable Elements

- Selection Basics

- Advanced Selecting

- Selecting Edges

- Selecting Faces

- Translation, Rotation, Scale

- Adding Elements

- Deleting Elements

- Creating Faces and Edges

- Mirror editing

Deforming Tools

- Shrink/Fatten Along Normals

Duplicating Tools

Subdividing Tools

- Subdivide fractal

- Subdivide smooth

- Loop Subdivide

- Knife Subdivide

Miscellaneous Tools

Multi Resolution Mesh

Curve Objects

Advanced Editing

Surface Objects

Text Objects

Meta Objects

Empty Objects

Group Objects

Scripts

Modeling Scripts

Modifiers and Deformation

Introduction

Modifiers Stack

Modify

Generate

Deform

Simulate

Particle Instance

Particle System

Lighting

Introduction

Lights

Light Properties

Light Attenuation

What Light Affects

Lights In Other Contexts

Shadows

Shadow Properties

Raytraced Shadow Properties

Volumetric Lights

Lamps

- Raytraced Shadows

- Raytraced Shadows

- Buffered Shadows

- Raytraced Shadows

- Raytraced Shadows

- Sky & Atmosphere

Radiosity

Scene Light

Ambient Occlusion

Exposure

Materials

Introduction

Introduction to Shading

Materials Introduction

Usage

Assigning a material

Material Preview

Material Options

Multiple Materials

Properties

Diffuse Shaders

Specular Shaders

Ambient Light Effect

Raytraced Reflections

Raytraced Transparency

Subsurface Scattering (SSS)

Node Materials

Material Node Types

Vertex Paint

Using Vertex Paint

Halos

Textures

Introduction

UV/Image Editor

Texture Types

Procedural Textures

- Node Controls

-- Textures Input Nodes

-- Textures Output Nodes

-- Textures Color Nodes

-- Textures Patterns Nodes

-- Textures Textures Nodes

-- Textures Convertor Nodes

-- Textures Distort Nodes

Texture Plugins

Texture Painting

Painting the Texture

- Projection Paint

Mapping

Environment Maps

UV Unwrapping Explained

- Unwrapping a Mesh

- Managing the UV Layout

- Editing the UV Layout

- Applying an Image

Influence

-- Bump and Normal

-- Displacement

World and Ambient Effects

World

World Background

Ambient Effects

Rigging

Introduction

Introduction to Rigging

Armatures

Armature Objects

Panels overview

Skinning

Linking Objects to Bones

Skinning to Objects’ Shapes

Posing

Using Constraints

Inverse Kinematics

Constraints

Introduction

Constraints Common Interface

Constraints’ Stack

Transform Constraints

Tracking Constraints

Relationship Constraints

Rigid Body Joint

Animation

Introduction

Animation Editors

Animation Editors

Ipo Curves and Keyframes

Ipo Editor Interface

Editing Action Channels

Editing NLA Strips

Strip Modifiers

Animation Techniques

Animating Objects

- Using Constraints

- Moving Objects on a Path

Animating Shapes

- Editing Shape Keys

- Animating Shape Keys

- Shape Keys Examples

Indirect Shape Animation

Animating Armatures

Animating Lamps

Animating Cameras

Animating Materials

Animating Textures

Animating World

Physical Simulation

Introduction

Dynamics

Particles

Controlling Emission, Interaction and Time

Soft Body

Exterior Forces

Interior Forces

Simple Examples

Combination with Armatures

Combination with Hair Particles

Cloth

Fluids

Using the Game Engine

Using the Game Engine

Rendering

Introduction

Camera

Perspective (Vanishing points)

Render

Displaying Renders

Antialiasing (Oversampling)

Rendering Animations

Using the Command Line

Output

Effects and Post Processing

Color Management & Exposure

Render Performance

Rendering Performance

Distributed Rendering

External Render Engines

Compositing with nodes

Composite Nodes

Composite Node types

Composite Node types

Convertor Nodes

Distortion Nodes

Editing Sequences

Introduction

The sequencer

Sequencer Modes

Sequence Screen Layout

Effects

Built-in Effects

Audio

Audio Sequences

Extending Blender

Introduction

Python Scripting

Python Scripting in Blender

Setting up Python

The Text Editor

A working example

Python Scripts

Bundled Scripts

Plugins

Blender's Plugins System

Texture plugins specifications

Sequence plugins specifications

Game Engine

Introduction

The Logic Editor

Game Properties

Sensors

Controllers

Actuators

Cameras

Physics

Material Physics

Python API

Various resources

List of Features

External resources

Game Engine Basics (BSoD Tutorial)

Contents

1 Introduction
2 Starting
3 Interaction in 3D
4 Data System and Files
5 Modeling
6 Modifiers and Deformation
7 Lighting
8 Materials
9 Textures
10 World and Ambient Effects
11 Rigging
12 Constraints
13 Animation
14 Physical Simulation
15 Rendering
16 Compositing with nodes
17 Editing Sequences
18 Extending Blender
19 Game Engine