From BlenderWiki
Transform Orientations
Mode: Object Mode, Edit Mode
Hotkey: Alt Space
A secondary orientation can be selected with Alt Space or through the Orientation menu in a 3D view header.
This orientation can then be used as a transformation constraint.
Axis Locking
Mode: Object Mode, Edit Mode
Hotkey: XX, YY, ZZ
Pressing the axis locking key twice locks to the user selected transform orientation.
Plane Locking
Mode: Object Mode, Edit Mode
Hotkey: Shift XShift X, Shift YShift Y, Shift ZShift Z
The same principle applies to locking movement on a plane. Press the plane locking keys twice to lock to your selected transform orientation.
Custom Orientations
Mode: Object Mode, Edit Mode
Hotkey: Shift Ctrl C
Custom Transform Orientations can be defined by the user using Object or Mesh elements. Custom Transform Orientations defined from objects use the local orientation of the object whereas those defined from selected mesh elements (vertice, edges, faces) use the normal orientation of the selection.
A name also needs to be assigned to the new orientation.
Note: When adding new orientations, if the name correspond to an already existing custom orientation, the new orientation will replace the old one.
[Demo Video] (XviD)
[Bits of Blender]'s has a video tutorial on this topic: [Youtube link]
Transform Orientations Panel
The Transform Orientations Panel, available from the *View* menu, can be used to manage Transform Orientations: Selecting the active orientation, Adding and Removing custom orientations and Clearing all custom orientations.
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