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Image Based

Sketchup - Sketchup has by far the most advanced and intuitive manipulation and placement of image textures. Some nicities include sliding, scaling, pinning, and skewing of textures interactively in the 3D view. http://www.sketchup.com/training/tutorials.php?cat=13

Hash Animation Master - Hash has the best implementation of placing and projecting and placing an image onto an already created texture. (2:13-3:10) http://www.s1.hashmirror.com/ftp/pub/movies/wmvdemo.wmv

Paint Based

There are a large number of commonalities among the paint based texturing approaches. Some of the important considerations are acting on mulitiple layers simulataneously, able to act on multiple objects simultaneously (ie a continuous stroke can be carried across multiple objects), mirroring of the brush, using a bitmap to specify brush shape (and the brush using alpha to represent intensity), storing and allowing post operation manipulation of the stroke path (such as rotating, or moving points in the stroke path), the ability to mask off parts of the object (either hard masks or alpha masks), brush features such as directionality, and usage of Wacom and other tablets to vary the brush properties (or variation based on brush usage such as direction, duration of the stroke, etc.) Many of the more advanced programs also allow usage of different 'medias' ie the brush and paint properties can imitate things like chalk, oils, or water paints. *In order to maximize speed the paint programs work on a 2d projection of the object often using a brush and image that are lower resolution than the actual UV image. The stroke path is recorded, and then projected into 3d space (either incrementally or based on an event such as rotating of the 3d mesh). This allows for the program to work quickly on even extremely high resolution meshes.

BodyPaint 3D - http://www.bodypaint3d.com/
ZBrush - http://209.132.69.82/zbrush/zbrush2/Z2Home.html
Deep Paint 3D - http://www.righthemisphere.com/support/tutorials/

These are older or less complete 3D paint tools - Painter 3D is basically Corel Painter for 3D (and has been discontinued - the link is to Detailer which was what became Painter 3D). The other two are included for completeness, and represent the minimalistic functionality that a 3D paint tool requires.
Painter 3D (Fractal Design Detailer) - http://downloads.theregister.co.uk/Windows/Graphics/CAD-Design-Modeling/fractal-detailer.html http://www.atpm.com/4.10/page13.shtml
MeshPaint 3D - http://www.texturetools.com/MeshPaint.asp
Tattoo -http://www.terabit.nildram.co.uk/tattoo/index.htm

Procedural and Node based

Allegorithmic - very powerful and interesting, now integrated into modo http://www.allegorithmic.com/v2/news.htm
Genetica 2 - has a very nice wizard tools for creating textures of particular types (wood, atmospheric, tiles, etc.) can be done wizard or node based. - http://www.spiralgraphics.biz/gen2tour/index.htm
DarkTree 2.5 - http://www.darksim.com/html/darktree25.html
Shrimp - http://shrimp.sourceforge.net/

Post Render

Piranesi - interesting features are the painting of effects on layers in post render. Also has interesting selection and coloring based on geometric properties such as being in the same plane.
http://www.informatix.co.uk/piranesi/downloads/windows/tutorials.shtml

http://www.informatix.co.uk/piranesi/product_information.shtml

Studio Artist - this is a mac only program has an amazing repretoire of filters and effects. Probably the most innovative image tool on the market. Allows one to 'paint' filter effects interactively and gives wonderful results.

http://www.synthetik.com/ http://synth.best.vwh.net/Demo_Movies/DemomoviesSA3/

Other Some other useful things I've seen but cannot find links for immediately are replacing UV map images in a rendered image painting on a UV map after rendering using UV information for post effects basically these all rely on storing each pixels uv location info with the rendered image and the object that the uv map is associated with.

[edit] useful painting research from krita mailing list

> > The best way to get started is to hack on something. If, for instance, > > you'd like to work on a spectral colorspace (let's say, 20 or so sampled > > frequency bands (if that's the right word)), then that should be very > > possible. A fun thing to do is a dynamic brush plugin -- one that takes > > input from several parameters and does proper brush hair deformation > > modelling. There are lots of papers around about both issues; and it should > > be fairly straightforward to hack an implementation that works in Krita. > > Getting it optimized is harder. > > Both topics are interesting: do you alredy know where to find papers/infos > about them? If not I can ask Google.

The best introduction is Gooch & Gooch on Non-Photorealistic Rendering. That has got a good chapter on simple brush dynamics. Salesin et al introduced using a spectrometer to figure out how to properly mix colors in their paper http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/curtis97computergenerated.html. This is available on-line, but if you cannot find it I can mail you the pdf as soon as I'm home. The most impressive results can be found in Bill Baxter's articles and thesis Plus, Bill Baxter is a very good and clear writer: http://www.billbaxter.com/projects/index.html. A large overview of the field is given at http://www.red3d.com/cwr/npr/.

Have fun!

One of the problems Krita faces atm is efficiently working at multiple zoom levels. And a general problem in paint apps is working in fine detail. Some parts of a painting will have finer detail than other parts, so ideally, you'd want to be able to vary the resolution of your image locally.

Traditionally, we'd use a lazy-update pyramid. This is how gegl (and Oyvind's experiments with gegl) work. I have heard Photoshop does the same, internally. Krita doesn't do that yet -- we're only now running into the problem.

http://www.visgraf.impa.br/Data/RefBib/PS_PDF/rita-lvelho-02/rita-lvelho.pdf uses wavelets to achieve that. Cool read, but a bit maths-heavy. But given that we've got a wavelets fan in our midst...

another interesting paint page http://www.scheib.net/school/236/project/